![]() ![]() Ĭleansing the hair and body massage (champu) during one's daily bath was an indulgence of early colonial traders in India. Guru Nanak, the founder and the first Guru of Sikhism, made references to soapberry tree and soap in the 16th century. Other products used for hair cleansing were shikakai ( Acacia concinna), hibiscus flowers, ritha ( Sapindus mukorossi) and arappu ( Albizzia amara). It leaves the hair soft, shiny and manageable. The extract of soapberries creates a lather which Indian texts called phenaka (Sanskrit: फेनक). Sapindus, also known as soapberries or soapnuts, a tropical tree widespread in India, is called ksuna (Sanskrit: क्षुण) in ancient Indian texts and its fruit pulp contains saponins which are a natural surfactant. A very effective early shampoo was made by boiling Sapindus with dried Indian gooseberry (amla) and a selection of other herbs, using the strained extract. The first origin of shampoo came from the Indus Valley Civilization. In the Indian subcontinent, a variety of herbs and their extracts have been used as shampoos since ancient times. It dated to 1762 and was derived from the Hindi word cā̃pō ( चाँपो, pronounced ), itself derived from the Sanskrit root capati ( चपति), which means 'to press, knead, or soothe'. The word shampoo entered the English language from the Indian subcontinent during the colonial era. ![]() There are also shampoos intended for animals that may contain insecticides or other medications to treat skin conditions or parasite infestations such as fleas. Specialty shampoos are marketed to people with dandruff, color-treated hair, gluten or wheat allergies, an interest in using an organic product, infants and young children (" baby shampoo" is less irritating). The sulfate ingredient acts as a surfactant, trapping oils and other contaminants, similarly to soap. Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water. Shampoo is typically used to remove the unwanted build-up of sebum in the hair without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Some users may follow a shampooing with the use of hair conditioner. Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product into the scalp, and then rinsing it out. ![]() Less commonly, shampoo is available in solid bar format. Shampoo ( / ʃ æ m ˈ p uː/) is a hair care product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is used for cleaning hair. Bottles of shampoo and lotions manufactured in the early 20th century by the C.L. ![]()
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